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An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and could increase in the near future. Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens.〔Taylor, L. ''et al.'' (2001). ( Risk factors for human disease emergence ) ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B'', 356(1411):983-9.〕 EIDs are caused by newly identified species or strains (e.g. SARS, AIDS) that may have evolved from a known infection (e.g. influenza) or spread to a new population (e.g. West Nile virus) or area undergoing ecologic transformation (e.g. Lyme disease), or be ''reemerging'' infections, like drug resistant tuberculosis. Nosocomial infections, such as MRSA are emerging in hospitals, and extremely problematic in that they are resistant to many antibiotics. Of growing concern are adverse synergistic interactions between emerging diseases and other infectious and non-infectious conditions leading to the development of novel syndemics. Many emerging diseases are zoonotic - an animal reservoir incubates the organism, with only occasional transmission into human populations. ==Contributing factors== The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes a journal ''Emerging Infectious Diseases'' that identifies the following factors contributing to disease emergence: * Microbial adaption; e.g. genetic drift and genetic shift in Influenza A * Changing human susceptibility; e.g. mass immunocompromisation with HIV/AIDS * Climate and weather; e.g. diseases with zoonotic vectors such as West Nile Disease (transmitted by mosquitoes) are moving further from the tropics as the climate warms * Change in human demographics and trade; e.g. rapid travel enabled SARS to rapidly propagate around the globe * Economic development; e.g. use of antibiotics to increase meat yield of farmed cows leads to antibiotic resistance * Breakdown of public health; e.g. the current situation in Zimbabwe * Poverty and social inequality; e.g. tuberculosis is primarily a problem in low-income areas * War and famine * Bioterrorism; e.g. 2001 Anthrax attacks * Dam and irrigation system construction; e.g. malaria and other mosquito borne diseases 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emerging infectious disease」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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